Dactyl was found on 17 February 1994 by Galileo mission member Ann Harch, while examining delayed image downloads from the spacecraft. [85], Dactyl's orbit around Ida is not precisely known. [25] Mission planners delayed the decision to attempt a flyby until they were certain that this would leave the spacecraft enough propellant to complete its Jupiter mission. The larger crater Although Dactyl appears to be next to Ida, it is actually [64] The ejecta excavated by impacts is deposited differently on Ida than on planets because of its rapid rotation, low gravity and irregular shape. The surface of Ida is covered in a blanket of pulverized rock, called regolith, about 50–100 m (160–330 ft) thick. kilometers (56 miles) away from the moon, outside this frame to the left gravitational field. [72] However, this is inconsistent with the estimated age of the Ida–Dactyl system of less than 100 million years;[73] it is unlikely that Dactyl, due to its small size, could have escaped being destroyed in a major collision for longer. [11], The craters are simple in structure: bowl-shaped with no flat bottoms and no central peaks. Views of the Solar System Copyright © 1997-2009 by Calvin J. Hamilton. [68][69] Assuming that its composition is similar to OC meteorites, which range in density from 3.48 to 3.64 g/cm3, Ida would have a porosity of 11–42%. [57] Ida's axis of rotation precesses with a period of 77 thousand years, due to the gravity of the Sun acting upon the nonspherical shape of the asteroid. meteorites). Ida when an older, larger asteroid was shattered in a collision with [57], Ida is one of the most densely cratered bodies yet explored in the Solar System,[31][44] and impacts have been the primary process shaping its surface. Asteroid 243 Ida is about 56 x 24 x 21 kilometers (35 x 15 x 13 miles) in size. [61] Azzurra seems to be the most recent major impact on Ida. [58] Cratering has reached the saturation point, meaning that new impacts erase evidence of old ones, leaving the total crater count roughly the same. 243 Ida & Dactyl. Asteroids are small interplanetary bodies of rock or metal that mostly orbit the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter, but … [46] Some blocks may have been ejected from the young crater Azzurra on the opposite side of the asteroid. Venus may have had a moon in the distant past, which collided with another object and then impacted Venus. This image is the first full picture showing both asteroid 243 Ida and is a captured object, something created completely separately Get the best of Sporcle when you Go Orange.This ad-free experience offers more features, more stats, and more fun while also helping to support Sporcle. It was discovered on 29 September 1884 by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory and named after a nymph from Greek mythology. This suggests that there are no major variations of density within the asteroid. (Courtesy NASA/JPL) The name is derived from the Dactyli, a group of [23] OC meteorites are, likewise, the most common type of meteorite found on the Earth's surface. 0.87 by 1 mile) across. ago. between 2.2 and 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter. They passed each other at a relative Known moons of Jupiter are listed in order of size. [36], The Galileo images also led to the discovery that space weathering was taking place on Ida, a process which causes older regions to become more red in color over time. [14][15] In Greek mythology, Ida was a nymph of Crete who raised the god Zeus. [71], Ida originated in the breakup of the roughly 120 km (75 mi) diameter Koronis parent body. The tiny moon is about 1.2 by 1.4 by 1.6 km (0.75 by 0.87 by 1 mile) across. on the terminator is about 300 meters over 4 minutes before the spacecraft's closest approach to Ida. [16] Besides craters, other features are evident, such as grooves, ridges, and protrusions. Aerodactyl is a reptilian, bipedal Pokémon with large, membranous wings. (Copyright © 1997 by Calvin J. Hamilton) Dactyl – Ida Asteroid . Galileo spacecraft discovering the first asteroid moon, Dactyl, orbiting the asteroid 243 Ida in the universe. During its second crossing, it flew by Ida on 28 August 1993 at a speed of 12,400 m/s (41,000 ft/s) relative to the asteroid. It has a period These images provided the first direct confirmation of an asteroid moon. Galileo was in the plane of Dactyl's orbit when most of the images were taken, which made determining its exact orbit difficult. limb). [46][53] Most of them are located within the craters Lascaux and Mammoth, but they may not have been produced there. (Courtesy A. Tayfun Oner). infant Zeus after the nymph Ida hid and raised the god on the mountain. These three classes, referred to collectively as the ordinary chondrites, contain quite different amounts of metal. [45] Although there are a few steep slopes tilting up to about 50° on Ida, the slope generally does not exceed 35°. approach to Ida. Other mythological accounts say that the Dactyli were Ida's children by from Ida that happened to wander near the asteroid and be caught by its [26] The onboard imager observed Ida from a distance of 240,350 km (149,350 mi) to its closest approach of 2,390 km (1,490 mi). its moon Dactyl transmitted to Earth from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. [87] The range of orbits generated by the simulations was narrowed down by the necessity of having the orbits pass through points at which Galileo observed Dactyl to be at 16:52:05 UT on 28 August 1993, about 90 km (56 mi) from Ida at longitude 85°. At half the size of Pluto, the pair are often referred to as a double dwarf planet system, particularly as they orbit around a central point in space as opposed to Pluto being the centre of orbit. century. The tiny moon is about 1.2 by 1.4 by 1.6 km (0.75 by 0.87 by 1 mile) across . [30], Ida's region 2 features several sets of grooves, most of which are 100 m (330 ft) wide or less and up to 4 km (2.5 mi) long. [17][38] The same process affects both Ida and its moon, although Dactyl shows a lesser change. The most fascinating feature is its diameter, which happens to be less than one mile. [77] Based on computer simulations, Dactyl's pericenter must be more than about 65 km (40 mi) from Ida for it to remain in a stable orbit. However beautiful is the surface, scientists believe that it is what’s beneath the surface that makes it worthy of being a part of this list. [55] The other structure is a large indentation named Vienna Regio. Zeus. into orbit unless a third force of some kind slowed it down. Its orbital period is 4.84 years, and its rotation period is 4.63 hours. an event would deflect the smaller object, but it would not be captured [29] The first five images were received in September 1993. [37] The composition of S-types was uncertain before the Galileo flybys, but was interpreted to be either of two minerals found in meteorites that had fallen to the Earth: ordinary chondrite (OC) and stony-iron. velocity of 12.4 km/sec (28,000 mph). It is also low near the "waist" because the mass of the asteroid is concentrated in the two halves, away from this location.[9]. Data returned from the flyby pointed to S-type asteroids as the source for the ordinary chondrite meteorites, the most common type found on the Earth's surface. It is irregularly shaped and elongated, apparently composed of two large objects connected together. (Courtesy NASA/JPL) Ida baffling. Peter Thomas and his colleagues. Determining their composition permits a correlation between meteorites falling to the Earth and their origin in the asteroid belt. iron-bearing minerals in these areas. and photographed. [41][42], Ida is a distinctly elongated asteroid,[43] with an irregular surface. [36] At the time, it was separated from Ida by a distance of 90 kilometres (56 mi), moving in a prograde orbit. believed to be in the dark side near the middle of the asteroid. [32], Ida's major craters are named after caves and lava tubes on Earth. [79] Dactyl may have suffered a major impact around 100 million years ago, which reduced its size.[72]. And Ida's moon Dactyl was only 90 kilometers away from the parent asteroid when it was photographed. color in the violet than any area on this side of Ida. slightly in the foreground, closer to the spacecraft than Ida and is [37] This all but rules out a stony-iron composition; were Ida made of 5 g/cm3 iron- and nickel-rich material, it would have to contain more than 40% empty space. It was adapted by Phil Stooke and unlike Ida, minor planet designation 243 Ida, is an asteroid in the Koronis family of the asteroid belt. Ida has a moon named Dactyl, official designation (243) Ida I Dactyl. near the center of the asteroid and near the upper right-hand edge (the The difference in age estimates may be explained by an increased rate of cratering from the debris of the Koronis parent body's destruction.[74]. It was the second asteroid visited by a spacecraft and the first found to have a natural satellite. [17], Ida's reflection spectrum was measured on 16 September 1980 by astronomers David J. Tholen and Edward F. Tedesco as part of the eight-color asteroid survey (ECAS). Many other asteroids are now known to have moons. [12] Estimates of Ida's density are constrained to less than 3.2 g/cm3 by the long-term stability of Dactyl's orbit. There are brighter areas, appearing bluish in the picture, around [83] Like Ida, its average temperature is about 200 K (−73 °C; −100 °F).[2]. As an [78][80] It was named by the International Astronomical Union in 1994,[80] for the mythological dactyls who inhabited Mount Ida on the island of Crete. closest approach to the asteroid, from a range of 10,870 kilometers the right. discovered since the first one was found at the beginning of the 19th Its moon, Dactyl, was discovered Feb. 17, 1994 by Ann Harch of the Galileo imaging team. [79], Dactyl was initially designated 1993 (243) 1. The Dactyli protected the The stereo, three-dimensional view can been seen the distance, and slowly move the page away from your eyes. [63] Another significant crater is Afon, which marks Ida's prime meridian. The moon's observed dark side was just barely detectable by Galileo's camera; computer enhancement has made it easier to see in this picture. [39] Its small size would make the formation of significant amounts of regolith impossible. about 100 kilometers (60 miles) away from the center of Ida. Dactyl is the first natural satellite of an asteroid ever discovered Ida on the island of Crete. Dactyl is the first natural satellite of an asteroid ever discovered and photographed. in its present form for at least a billion years and perhaps much longer. practice to see the images in stereo. They came from Cretan Ida – Heracles, Paeonaeus, Epimedes, Iasius and Idas. Hall III. Its surface is one of the most heavily cratered in the Solar System, featuring a wide variety of crater sizes and ages. material that became the small moon. [54], Several major structures mark Ida's surface. This image has been assessed under the valued image criteria and is considered the most valued image on Commons within the scope: Diagram of the moon size comparisons.You can see its nomination here. [39] The largest crater, Lascaux, is almost 12 km (7.5 mi) across. Dactyl and Ida share many characteristics, suggesting a common origin. about 14 minutes before its closest approach to Ida at a range of about High Resolution View of Dactyl Sep 12, 1996 This image is the most detailed picture of the recently discovered natural satellite of asteroid 243 Ida taken by the Galileo Solid-State Imaging camera during its encounter with the asteroid on August 28, 1993. They were Their albedos and reflection spectra are very similar. Dactyl is only 1.4 km in diameter. Middle: Three radar images of 66391 Moshup.The 'streaks' on the image are the moon's trail as it moved while the images were created. Springer, Sep 19, 2015 - Science - 297 pages. Dactyl was the first satellite found orbiting an asteroid. [34] Ida's relatively large surface exhibited a diverse range of geological features. S-types are the most numerous kind of asteroid in the inner part of the asteroid belt. Galileo scientists also believe it is virtually impossible that the moon [66], Ida's interior probably contains some amount of impact-fractured rock, called megaregolith. The images returned from Galileo and the subsequent measurement of Ida's mass provided new insights into the geology of S-type asteroids. Privacy Statement. [30] This feature may have been filled in by debris, or blasted out of the asteroid by impacts. [63] They are distributed evenly around Ida, except for a protrusion north of crater Choukoutien which is smoother and less cratered. [37], Dactyl may have originated at the same time as Ida,[90] from the disruption of the Koronis parent body. Dactyl is one of the most peculiar moons in the solar system because, rather than orbiting a planet, it orbits an asteroid. A minor planet moon is a minor planet that orbits another minor planet as its natural satellite.It is thought that many asteroids and Kuiper belt objects may possess moons, in some cases quite substantial in size. The asteroid appears to be split into two halves, here referred to as region 1 and region 2, connected by a "waist". The Galileo flyby of Ida found that some S-types, particularly the Koronis family, could be the source of these meteorites. of rotation of 4 hours, 38 minutes. Dactyl is heavily cratered, like Ida, and consists of similar materials. [21], Ida was visited in 1993 by the Jupiter-bound space probe Galileo. Ida, minor planet designation 243 Ida, is an asteroid in the Koronis family of the asteroid belt. Its orbit around Ida could not be determined with much accuracy, but the constraints of possible orbits allowed a rough determination of Ida's density and revealed that it is depleted of metallic minerals. [22] No prior missions had attempted such a flyby. [19][20] Many observations of Ida were made in early 1993 by the US Naval Observatory in Flagstaff and the Oak Ridge Observatory. mythological beings who lived on Mount Ida. Galileo's flyby of Ida (and its moon Dactyl) occurred on 28 August 1993 at a distance of about 2,400 km. The discovery that one out of two asteroids observed up close is in fact a binary system has reinvigorated an old debate about the frequency of binary asteroids. [2][49] Its appearance changes over time through a process called space weathering. Dactyl is a natural satellite that revolves around a Koronis asteroid, known as Asteroid 243 Ida, which is situated in the belt between Jupiter and Mars. Ida is covered by a thick layer of regolith, loose debris that obscures the solid rock beneath. Known as 243 Ida, the asteroid was photographed from an average distance of just 3,400 kilometers some 3.5 minutes before Galileo's closest approach on Aug. 28. (120 to 180 miles) in diameter was smashed relatively recently -- at with the right eye. [40] Its gravitational field produces an acceleration of about 0.3 to 1.1 cm/s2 over its surface. The tiny moon is … Some rock in Ida's core may have been fractured below the large craters Mammoth, Lascaux, and Undara. [37], If in a circular orbit at the distance at which it was seen, Dactyl's orbital period would be about 20 hours. at ranges of 3,057 to 3,821 kilometers (1,900 to 2,375 miles) on August At the time this picture was taken, Ida was about 90 [16] Ida was recognized as a member of the Koronis family by Kiyotsugu Hirayama, who proposed in 1918 that the group comprised the remnants of a destroyed precursor body. ... and Ida with moon Dactyl. Ida's moon also has a different The little moon was discovered in 1993, when Galileo was passing through the asteroid belt on its way to Jupiter. Some researchers believe that Dactyl formed from debris blown off from Ida because of cratering, while others suggest that Ida and Dactyl formed as a pair a billion or more years ago when Ida's parent body was disrupted. [39][78] This contrasts with Ida, which is covered by a deep layer of regolith. Canvas Size: 16.40 x 12.30 inches plus an additional 1.5 inches of extra canvas on all 4 sides to allow for easy stretching and/or framingLicensor: StockTrek ImagesArtist: Elena Duvernay/Stocktrek Images by When it comes to size, it is just a little small than one moon. An asteroid called Ida takes up most of the space, and Dactyl is that teensy little dot on the right. Ida is a typical asteroid belt object. [18] Its spectrum matched those of the asteroids in the S-type classification. Dactyl is the first natural satellite of an asteroid ever discovered and photographed. [28] About 95% of Ida's surface came into view of the probe during the flyby. [62] An exception to the crater morphology is the fresh, asymmetric Fingal, which has a sharp boundary between the floor and wall on one side. Icarus (Or Saturn IIIXXXXXX), more commonly known As Saturn’s Small Shadow, is an moon located in Saturn’s Rings. Ida's surface appears heavily cratered and mostly gray, although minor color variations mark newly formed or uncovered areas. [30] This material is produced in impact events and redistributed across Ida's surface by geological processes. Dactyl According to the laws of celestial mechanics, such This view shows numerous craters, including Later telescopic observations categorized Ida as an S-type asteroid, the most numerous type in the inner asteroid belt. [37] Dactyl orbits in the prograde direction[86] and is inclined about 8° to Ida's equator. Later telescopic observations categorized Ida as an S-type asteroid, the most numerous type in the inner asteroid belt. craters on the upper left end of Ida, around the small bright crater approach to the asteroid. [36] Like Ida, Dactyl's surface exhibits saturation cratering. The camera fortuitously captured the previously [23] The reflection spectra measured by remote observations of S-type asteroids, however, did not match that of OC meteorites. The two largest imaged craters on Dactyl were named Acmon /ˈækmən/ and Celmis /ˈsɛlmɪs/, after two of the mythological dactyls. It was the first time a moon was discovered orbiting an asteroid. All three contain abundant iron in three different forms (ferrous iron oxide in silicates, metallic iron, and ferrous sulfide), usually with all three abundant enough to be classified as potential ores. [30][51] Ejecta blocks constitute the largest pieces of the regolith. [26], Galileo's trajectory carried it into the asteroid belt twice on its way to Jupiter. It was discovered in images taken by the Galileo spacecraft during its flyby in 1993. [9] Ida's irregular shape is responsible for the asteroid's very uneven gravitational field. 28, 1993, about 3.5 minutes before the spacecraft made its close [30][54], Region 1 of Ida contains two major structures. Ida is a heavily cratered, irregularly shaped asteroid in the main The first four moons listed, the Galilean moons, are visible in binoculars. More [30] Some craters are arranged in chains. On 28 August 1993, Ida was visited by the uncrewed Galileo spacecraft while en route to Jupiter. The moon was named Dactyl. [35] The discovery of Ida's moon Dactyl, the first confirmed satellite of an asteroid, provided additional insights into Ida's composition. unknown moon at a range of about 3,900 kilometers (2,400 miles), just spacecraft's camera. This image is the most detailed picture of Dactyl taken by the Galileo Thank you for becoming a … asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter -- the 243rd asteroid to be Bottom: Animation of (357439) 2004 BL 86 and its moon (left).Animation of (136617) 1994 CC, a trinary asteroid with two moons (right). least considerably after the solar system formed some 4.5 billion years All three contain feldspar (an aluminosilicate of calcium, sodium, and potassium), pyroxene (silicates with one silicon atom for each atom of magnesium, iron, or calcium), olivine (silicates with two iron or magnesium atoms per silicon atom), metallic iron, and iron sulfide (the mineral troilite). 'S high-gain antenna −73 °C ; −100 °F ). [ 72 ] Ida 's tiny moon the... Fast-Moving ejecta that escapes from the sequence in which Ida 's moon also has a period of 5.5 in! A prominent 40 km ( 19.5 mi ). [ 2 ] [ 78 ] this contrasts Ida... Bigger than the planet Mercury is made more or less from the Sun about 1/20 the of! 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